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- WORLD, Page 46ALLIANCEA Decision Not To Decide
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- NATO gropes for answers to Gorbachev's arms initiatives
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- Soviet tanks were on the move in Eastern Europe last week
- -- and on the minds of the Western defense ministers who were
- in Brussels to discuss NATO's next dilemma: whether and when to
- modernize the alliance's remaining nuclear weapons. Some of the
- armored divisions rumbling through East Germany and Hungary
- were heading for assembly stations in preparation to go home,
- making good on Mikhail Gorbachev's promise last December to
- remove 50,000 troops, 5,000 tanks and other conventional arms
- from Eastern Europe.
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- The unilateral withdrawal is just the sort of act that
- prompts critics to accuse NATO of being too sluggish and too
- cautious in responding to Gorbachev's initiatives. Moreover, the
- spectacle of departing troops, which Moscow intends to conduct
- with considerable public fanfare, plays effectively to a
- European public ever more willing to see the bright side of
- Gorbachev's promises.
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- The beleaguered government of West German Chancellor Helmut
- Kohl is most vulnerable to these pressures. To stave off graver
- trouble for Kohl, who faces an uphill battle for re-election in
- December 1990, the U.S. and Britain reluctantly agreed to put
- off until 1991 any decision about the future of the short-range
- (80 miles) Lance nuclear missile. Public opinion in West
- Germany solidly opposes replacing the U.S.-made Lance with a
- newer missile capable of hitting targets 280 miles away. "It's
- doubtful the Kohl government could survive next year's elections
- if it is associated with a decision to deploy a new generation
- of short-range nuclear systems," observed a senior British
- official. And Kohl would probably likely be succeeded by an even
- stronger antinuclear government led by left-of-center Social
- Democrats and Greens.
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- Both the U.S. and Britain are eager to proceed with
- modernization of NATO's diminished nuclear arsenal. But neither
- wants to force a confrontation that would hurt Kohl. So the
- communique signed by the ministers was a masterpiece of
- double-talk, reaffirming NATO's determination to maintain an
- up-to-date nuclear capability but setting no date for deploying
- the new missile. The ambiguous Brussels agreement was enough,
- however, to permit American Defense Secretary Dick Cheney to
- proceed with a two-year budget request for $150 million for
- research and development of a new weapon.
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- The postponement of a deployment decision only serves to
- highlight what is increasingly apparent: Lance is a symbol of
- a much broader trend toward the complete denuclearization of
- NATO. Gorbachev set the stage for debating this several weeks
- ago, when he proposed opening talks on reducing the remaining
- short-range nuclear arsenals in Europe. The U.S. adamantly
- opposes the timing, arguing that conventional arms talks, which
- have just begun, must be wrapped up first. But the West German
- government is under enormous pressure to persuade the Americans
- to agree to start bargaining immediately for "equal but lower"
- levels of short-range nuclear weapons. Some leading West Germans
- are even pushing for eventual elimination of all short-range
- nuclear arms in NATO's forward zones, something the U.S.
- categorically rejects on the ground that without them, conflicts
- might break out more easily. The Bonn government is so eager to
- overcome U.S. opposition to these talks that it has dispatched
- Defense Minister Gerhard Stoltenberg to Washington to plead
- Germany's cause. The U.S. would rather Stoltenberg stayed home,
- since the Administration does not intend to change its mind.
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- The political rumble from Gorbachev's tanks will be even
- more audible once the withdrawal begins. The Soviets are
- cranking up media coverage, complete with waving children and
- flowers tucked in the muzzles of tank cannons. But NATO cannot
- simply ignore the powerful allure of Gorbachev's challenge,
- despite its own dissensions. The defense ministers have dodged
- confrontation for now, but the ominous antinuclear trend will
- be less easily glossed over when the top leaders return to
- Brussels for next month's summit.
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